![]() ![]() A stress response is mediated by a complex interplay of nervous, endocrine, and immune mechanisms that involves activation of the sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and immune system. ![]() The stimuli are called stressors and physiological and behavioral changes in response to exposure to stressors constitute the stress response. Any physical or psychological stimuli that disrupt homeostasis result in a stress response. ![]()
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